They thrive in moderate temperatures, around 37☌. Mesophiles, or mesophilic bacteria, are the bacteria responsible for most human infections. They are mostly found in soil, water, vegetation and some normal flora of humans and animals. They can also cause gas, gangrene, tetanus, botulism, and most dental infections.įacultative anaerobes, or facultative anaerobic bacteria, can live either with or without oxygen, but they prefer environments where there is oxygen. In humans, this is mostly in the gastrointestinal tract. Some types can cause problems for the human environment, such as corrosion, fouling, problems with water clarity, and bad smells.Īnaerobes, or anaerobic bacteria, can only grow where there is no oxygen. There are bacteria in the stratosphere, between 6 and 30 miles up in the atmosphere, and in the ocean depths, down to 32,800 feet or 10,000 meters deep.Īerobes, or aerobic bacteria, can only grow where there is oxygen. Share on Pinterest Bacteria can thrive even in extreme environments, such as glaciers.īacteria can be found in soil, water, plants, animals, radioactive waste, deep in the earth’s crust, arctic ice and glaciers, and hot springs. This can contribute to the spread of illness in humans. Pili: These hair-like appendages on the outside of the cell allow it to stick to surfaces and transfer genetic material to other cells.There are some bacteria that can have more than one. Flagellum: This is used for movement, to propel some types of bacteria.Ribosomes are complex particles made up of RNA-rich granules. Ribosomes: This is where proteins are made, or synthesized.DNA: This contains all the genetic instructions used in the development and function of the bacterium.Cytoplasm: A gelatinous substance inside the plasma membrane that contains genetic material and ribosomes.The membrane is permeable, which means that substances can pass through it. Plasma membrane: Found within the cell wall, this generates energy and transports chemicals.The cell wall is thicker in some bacteria, called Gram positive bacteria. It is located outside the plasma membrane.
The cell wall gives the bacteria its shape.
Bacteria are prokaryotes, which means they have no nucleus. Bacterial cells are different from plant and animal cells.
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